Revered for centuries for its stunning red colour, ruby is a sought after gemstone which is formed through geological processes involving high pressure and temperature conditions. Both ruby and sapphire are varieties of the mineral corundum; ruby is red corundum and gets its colour from mainly chromium traces, while sapphire is every other colour-type of corundum (eg blue corundum is blue sapphire) and generally gets its colour from traces of iron and other elements, including titanium, chromium and vanadium, depending on the colour.

Ruby formation involves the transformation of the mineral corundum (which is made up of aluminium oxide and colourless in its pure state) under specific conditions, most often from metamorphic activity in the Earth. If corundum mineral is present, and chromium impurities come into contact with it, there is a fascinating reaction between the crystal structure, chromium and aluminium oxide, which gives the corundum a red colour and it now becomes a ruby. 

Probably the world's best known red gemstone and adored by royalty across the globe for millennia, rubies have long been considered a symbol of passion; their intense red colour associated with mystical protection, deep emotions and romantic love. Not only is ruby a traditional birthstone of July and a 40th anniversary gemstone, it is also celebrated as the official state gemstone of both Karnataka in India, and North Carolina in the United States. Whether you love the cultural significance of ruby gemstones throughout history. or wear it as a birthstone, anniversary celebration, or symbol of love and protection, precious ruby continues to hold a special place in our hearts.

Care: Being a hard 9 on the MOHS scale means that ruby is a robust and safe gemstone that can be worn every day, though it's best to avoid sharply knocking it as it may cause small chips and surface damage (this applies to nearly all gemstones). Clean rubies with a soft cloth or a brush using mild soapy water, rinse thoroughly and pat dry with a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners for cleaning ruby, as the vibrations and heat may damage the gemstone, especially if it has fractures or inclusions.